"Any perceived compliance or non-compliance of other developers’ apps does not have any bearing on the compliance of your own apps."
Could this mean that Google Play's policies are applied differently for different developers or apps?
No, it means that you can't break the rules even if others are breaking the rules or you think they are breaking the rules.
I think it is worth noting that those apps are for the Indian market. I don't know which one you are in, but google will have different rules for different countries to comply with various regulatory requirements.
