The UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances lists the following substances, inter alia:
- cathinone - Schedule 1
- cathine - Schedule 3
- psilocin - Schedule 1
- psilocybin - Schedule 1
Neither khat, which contains cathinone and cathine, nor 'magic mushrooms' which typically contains psilocin and psilocybin, are specifically prohibited.
Although there is no clear consensus, it appears that khat is not regarded as generally illegal simply on the basis of it being a source of cathinone & cathine, e.g. https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2011/3_en Although some countries have separately banned it, which removes any ambiguity
It is generally regarded however that magic mushrooms are illegal on the basis that they contain psilocybin/psilocin, e.g., https://jied.lse.ac.uk/articles/10.31389/jied.101
Is there any clear reasoning under which plants/fungi can be regarded as illegal, when they contain illegal substances (see also DMT, found in various plants), or any way to distinguish these two so that it can be found that khat ismagic mushrooms are covered by the Convention while magic mushroomskhat are not?