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Say you eat at a restaurant, and after you are finished, the waiter brings you your bill.
Is the restaurant legally obligated to accept pennies as payment regardless of the amount?
(Of course, I am assuming no explicit arrangements regarding this have been made beforehand.)
It doesn't even have to be pennies. Any cash denomination is open to discretion. The Federal Reserve tells us "There is, however, no Federal statute mandating that a private business, a person, or an organization must accept currency or coins as payment for goods or services. "
ORS 72.5110 states,
Tender of payment is sufficient when made by any means or in any manner current in the ordinary course of business unless the seller demands payment in legal tender and gives any extension of time reasonably necessary to procure it.
A patron could therefore say, “You can either accept the form of payment I offered, or exercise your right to demand payment in legal tender. Pennies are legal tender.”
Let's take this at face value. Obviously I can ask the patron to stay until the bill is paid. The bill is paid, as always, when the money is counted and is found to be enough.
So you get someone on minimum wage to count the pennies. At least three times to be sure. And ask them to count carefully so they don't make any mistakes. Counting 2,000 pennies will take an hour, and then at least two recounts. While the customer is waiting. They won't do it again.
After that, you ban them from the restaurant forever.
(Inspired from a story on another site, where a customer in a movie theatre wants to be really annoying, buys a soft drink for four dollars, and drops it intentionally on the floor. The manager asks someone to clean it up, with no complaint to the customer. Later he explains why he was so calm: "We made $3.50 profit on the drink. It took five minutes at minimum wage pay to clean up the mess. As far as I'm concerned he can buy $4 drinks and drop them on the floor all night long.")
The restaurant is not legally required to accept pennies as a method of payment. However, what is the outcome of this situation going to be?
They call the police? There is no crime, only a contract dispute over the method of payment. The police will probably take a report, separate the parties and tell you to take it to court.
Take it to court? Judgment for the plaintiff in the amount of (bill). Payable in pennies.
Germany has a law that states, that you can only pay for items with up to 50 coins, unless it is customary to pay them in small denominations (e.g. bridal shoes are customarily bought for the smallest available denomination).
This is regulated in the Coinage law (MünzG), esp. §3. It dictates (my translation):
(1) is the actual relevant statute here, limiting the number of coins useable and also making payment only via invoice for high expense things possible. (2) exempts the Bundesbank from that and (3) makes defaced coinage pretty much valueless.
It is however customary, that banks will accept any number of coins to deposit on a customer's own account, though charges for counting and validation of coinage can apply depending on the bank.
