Questions tagged [england-and-wales]
Questions specific to England and Wales
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Why mustn't a criminal prosecution case be disclosed?
Meet Bob. Bob was prosecuted for an alleged criminal offence. His solicitor has sent him his prosecution briefing, which reads:
THIS PRINTOUT IS PRODUCED FOR THE USE OF THE COURT, DEFENCE AND ...
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Under what rules may money judgments be granted during possession proceedings?
Money awards are regularly granted in the course of possession proceedings, but what rule or rules of law enable and govern this practice?
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Does S5(5A), Housing Act 1988 have any effect on typical PRS tenancies?
S5(5A), Housing Act 1988 refers to rights "of pre-emption":
(5A)Nothing in subsection (5) affects any right of pre-emption—
(a)which is exercisable by the landlord under a tenancy in ...
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Do cats have a "right to roam" in the UK?
I've seen numerous sources, including the RSPCA, making claims along the lines that cats in the UK have a "right to roam", are "free spirits", and therefore that cat owners cannot ...
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Can a periodic tenant unilaterally lower his rent, with binding effect if the landlord does not properly appeal the notice within 3 months?
Section 6, HA1988 provides:
(2)Not later than the first anniversary of the day on which the former tenancy came to an end, the landlord may serve on the tenant, or the tenant may serve on the ...
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Is it ever possible to "sell" the right to action a tort?
Suppose Bob discriminates against Alice on a date 1/1/2023. Alice has a right to sue Bob for this discrimination for some limited period, but she doesn't care to bother with the hassle of pursuing ...
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Computer Misuse Act 1990 - Definition of unauthorised
My question is: What does "Unauthorised" mean? The legislation claims that it means not having "Consent" to access the system - does this refer to implicit or explicit? For example,...
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What is the difference between the terms defendant and Respondent?
It seems that there is perhaps a trend toward less adversarial terminology, so I wonder if it is that defendant was a more traditional term used exclusively historically, while Respondent has now ...
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What are reasonable steps to ascertain or contact lost property's owner to avoid liability for theft by finding?
Suppose one finds an item on the street that seems to have been lost by someone. What are examples of reasonable steps one could take to attempt to contact the item's rightful owner before concluding ...
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Is it normal for district judges first instance decisions to be appealed to circuit judges in other locations?
A judgment from clerkenwell and Shoreditch county court district judge (swan) was appealed to a circuit (?) judge in central London (Luba).
Isn’t the point of a circuit judge that they are the more ...
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Are there any laws against either excessively loud motorcycles or riding such motorcycles inconsiderately in residential areas at night?
Loud disturbing motorcycles are awful but occasionally circle around certain roads after midnight up and down gratuitously if the objective is actually transportation. One would hope that there are ...
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Boundary Fences UK: What Comes Under Class A, Part 2 Schedule 2 of the General Permitted Development Order 2015 (Amended)?
Edited Question for Improvement
What residences/businesses come under Class A, Part 2 Schedule 2 of the General Permitted Development Order 2015 (Amended)?
I am looking into the defintion of Free ...
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Could Julian Assange have elected for the portions of his extradition proceedings conducted at Westminster magistrates to have been in crown court?
Parts of the extradition proceedings thus far of Julian Assange have taken place in Woolwich Crown Court, others in the old Bailey, others like his post-triumph bail hearing and also monthly case ...
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Can one elect one's style/title of address in judicial proceedings?
If one wishes to be referred to as "Dr. Franklin," "Lord Jones" or "Lady Smith" (or Sir, or Dame) but does not actually possess the title, will judges use these titles in ...
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Is there any statutory timeframe for how long one may be forced to wait for a Care Act 2014 need assessment?
If one is left in housing limbo having applied to a local authority as homeless for an unreasonable amount of time (I've heard it may be six months), one may be entitled to thousands in compensation ...
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Who is the data controller of footage taken on a retail worker’s personal phone?
An on-duty retail employee draws their personal smartphone while in uniform and commences recording a customer. Who is the data recorded and held/controlled by, for GDPR purposes? Does the customer ...
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Is it legal in England for unpasteurised dairy products to be sold in retail stores?
I understand that it is not legal to sell unpasteurised dairy products in retail stores in England, at least in the case of raw milk. (It must be purchased directly from farmers.)
But then one sees ...
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What provision of the CPR requires any parties who might possibly be claimants to an action to be made defendants if they are not?
A blog site mentions a provision requiring all parties who might be a party to a claim to be listed as defendants if they are not participating as claimants, but I cannot find it again now that I want ...
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Should we be careful of couriers photographing unidentified parcels at doorstep? [closed]
I wonder how the legal system of England and Wales can deal with the following scenario, and is it reasonable to be extra vigilant about letting someone photograph uninspected parcels in our doorstep (...
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Exemption for "conduct of litigation" as a lay representative?
The following activites are "reserved legal activities" per the Legal Services Act 2007 ("LSA 2007"), s 12(1):
(a) the exercise of a right of audience; (b) the conduct of ...
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Minimum penalty for extradition makes no sense?
I have been looking into extradition law, focusing on the United Kingdom (England and Wales jurisdiction) wanting to extradite an individual back from a country abroad.
There are many factors to ...
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If there is an error in a webpage that forms a contract how is that resolved?
Ecommerce websites tend to make the details of the sale a contract. For example a website that auctions used cars states predominantly:
Your bid is a contract between you and the listing creator. If ...
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What connections do different locations of county court in Greater London area have with one another? [duplicate]
Do county courts throughout the London area share any closer of a connection than do a county court in Bristol and one in York?
And how do they all bind each other?
It has been said in past answers ...
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What is the legality and consequence of blocking one who submits a SAR? [duplicate]
Alice submits a subject access request to Bob via WhatsApp, Bob responds to this by blocking Alice, but otherwise ignores her. What is the legality and consequences of Bob’s response to her SAR?
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What is the “prayer” in a claim?
A blog refers to certain things not having been pleaded/specified in the “prayer”. What does this refer to?
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Access rights to professional photographs
An independent professional photographer uses a sales tactic of candidly taking photos of others in public and then approaching them and offering them copies for a price. Suppose one of these ...
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2
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Can a customer of a business make a recording of an employee on the business’s privately premises?
Suppose a customer enters a store. The business, through an employee, treats the customer unlawfully. Perhaps this is by verbally or physically abusing them, discriminating against them, or denying ...
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Does a county court circuit judge’s decision in Birmingham bind a district judge in London?
They are more senior but in a different region of the English “county court.”
So how does this work?
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What is needed to access the written materials in a case?
County court decisions tend to be public. Some refer to other case documents such as particulars of claim or defence statements etc, sometimes by precise paragraphs.
Suppose a member of the public ...
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How may one break down this neutral citation “[2022] EW Misc 8 (CC)“ [duplicate]
[2022] EW Misc 8 (CC)
Normally instead of EW I would expect to see EWCA. and instead of Misc. I would expect to see Civ. On top of that, what does CC mean in this?
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what courts are bound by the decisions of the privy council?
Which levels of other courts are its decisions binding or not binding on, if English courts don’t actually appeal to it?
To rephrase the question for greater clarity: Essentially, of courts that don’t ...
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Do tribunals have inquisitorial powers?
In England, tribunals are intended to be more informal and therefore accessible venues of justice where the parties cannot be expected to conduct proceedings with full legal competence.
In a pure ...
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Do any judicial bodies in England have inquisitorial powers?
England mostly follows common law, an adversarial system which is the opposite of the inquisitorial judicial system.
That said, are there deviations and variations from this in any of its judicial ...
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Why does the high court of chivalry follow “civil law,” and what does this mean?
The English so called high court of chivalry, archaic and now rarely used, is said by Wikipedia to follow civil law (ie not common law).
How does this work, and how did it come to be?
https://en.m....
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Paying the retail profit margin for broken goods and keeping them [closed]
A recent answer suggests that if you damage a product then you may only be liable for the retail margin that the shop would earn on them.
The traditional position is that you would be liable for the ...
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Is it illegal to spray weeds on another person's land without permission, and thus to harm animals?
I am in England.
I rent a field off an elderly friend who can no longer tend it. I use it as grazing for 2 horses.
A local farmer who is clearly obsessed by weeds is regularly going round the local ...
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In a criminal trial, what is the sequence of proceedings? [closed]
Does the prosecution advance their own case first, calling their witnesses, examining them before the defense cross examines them, all before the defense then presents their case, calling each of ...
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Is cross examination strictly confined to the subjects that the original examination pertained to, or can the opposing party make their own points?
Pretty straightforward question, really: what are the topical constraints of cross examination with reference to examination?
Suppose party A calls witness W to the stand to ask them questions about ...
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broker cancelled life insurance policy without authorization [closed]
Back in 2018 we had a life insurance policy that was set up in 2007, we were selling our house and buying another, our broker wanted to make sure we were covered as we were taking on a bigger debt. ...
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Are there any opportunities to Socratically question an opposing counsel on their legal arguments in a civil trial?
According to this answer,
https://law.stackexchange.com/a/90414/48046
Opposing counsel was called as a witness for examination in the American scopes trial.
Is such a practice allowed in English trial ...
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How do lower level (county or magistrates) courts in the City of London differ in their jurisdictions from those in the surrounding boroughs?
Because the City of London has certain aspects of municipal autonomy, are there restrictions on their equivalence with the rest of the county or magistrate court system? In general any county court ...
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What sorts of “necessities” could married women enter contracts for?
A recent answer by @Ohwilleke on the historical status of married women lists the limited types of contracts they could enter into.
One of these of those for necessities. What is referred to by this?
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In a civil trial, can a party “call” its opponent’s witnesses in making its case?
I mean, as opposed to merely cross-examining them in the course of the opposing side’s presentation of their case.
A closely related question asks of calling the defendant itself, though not its ...
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If one is charged with a crime and then get acquitted, can they be awarded any costs?
If you get convicted, then generally you have to pay something toward the prosecution costs. But what if you prevail in upholding your innocence? Does the street go two ways?
And does the answer ...
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Are there any crimes or civil wrongs in disingenuously wasting another’s time?
Suppose that one phones you and states that they have a Nigerian princes inheritance which they would like to arrange to send to you.
Or that they would like to donate some money to your organisation ...
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Does the law make any distinction in any context between garments intended to be undergarments and others not so intended?
If one goes out in gym shorts without anything underneath or in "boxer shorts" identifiable by their polkadots or plaid designs, and they both cover the same areas (genitals), neither of ...
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What does it mean that the RPT tribunal member in this case was “also sitting as a district judge of the county court”?
In this case one of the tribunal judges is indicated as having been sitting as a judge of the county court, even though the claim had been brought in the first tier tribunal of residential property.
...
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Who can ask the judge to interpret a paragraph of his court judgement, in uk?
The appeal judge states:
The county court judge decided based on arguments that are plainly available to her.
The county court judge fell into error in concluding that the non-delegable nature of the ...
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How does a body corporate get sentenced for criminal offences?
Some criminal offences specifically state that if they are committed by the officer of a body corporate then they along with the body corporate itself may be simultaneously processed against as well ...
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Is there a practical way to see the actual rulings/reasons/considerations that resulted in the litigation bars in effect against vexatious litigants?
There is a register of bans available at https://www.gov.uk/guidance/vexatious-litigants, but it is just the barest list of names. Where can one find any more details on each of these cases?
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