Short Answer
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> * **Yes, it applies everywhere right away** (*unless the ruling says it doesn't*).
> * **No, we do not have to wait until laws are passed.**

Explanation
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<h3>Jurisdiction</h3>
[Marbury v. Madison (1803)][1] established the principle of ***judicial review*** under [Article III of the U.S. constitution][2]. This allows the court[s] to interpret laws passed by legislatures. And this is the basis for applying the ruling everywhere (in the U.S.) immediately.

<h3>Laws</h3>
Presumably, the court is ruling on a law that already exists. In most cases the ruling addresses the interpretation (or constitutionality) of a law. In the former case, the existing law will continue (with the added clarity of the ruling). In the latter, the law will be struck down or invalidated as unconstitutional and, therefore, no longer apply. 


  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbury_v._Madison
  [2]: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html