 US Law — Can cropping (sub-sampling) a copyrighted work in some cases be considered an original work that I can copyright? In general, I understand I can't use art from a copyrighted video game for my own commercial purposes. On the top left, I mark the Mario artwork with an X to mark that the work is copyright of Nintendo. — Cropping the image to a 3-color 6x6 block is still recognizably Mario, so I believe the small block in the bottom left is still under their copyright. In the top center, I mark that color changes have no impact on the copyright status. Nintendo owns copyright over the patterns themselves. — I even assume the cropped one-bit image of 4x5 pixels showing part of a color-swapped Mario's face as under Nintendo copyright because it is arguably still recognizably Mario. For the third example, I assume that Nintendo still has at least some rights over a derivative work heavily influenced by Mario. The derived 'mario' is wearing a jersey instead of overalls and facing forward. — In this case, however, I don't believe Nintendo has any grounds for a copyright claim over the __derived__ _and_ __cropped__ one-bit 4x5 image of a face. This little face, while it shares some pixels with the original Mario- is no longer recognizably Mario, so I mark it with a green check mark. ****** Finally, to the question- is there a point where __cropping__ _without derivation_ is sufficient grounds to be considered my own copyrightable work? Look at the three business cards on the very right of the image. They all crop elements __directly__ from the color-swapped Mario Sprite, but I've been told they are not _recognizably_ Mario. Would Nintendo have grounds to sue me were I to begin to profit off plumbing, insurance, or my own racing team based on the three fictional companies on the far right? What are the standards by which these decisions are made? I'm going off the assumption it's __recognizability__. What else could it be? Also- I very much welcome answers that: 1. Suggest a change to any red X or green Check above 2. Correct a fundamental mistake in my understanding 3. Answer the specific question of these businesses 4. Answer the general question of cropping artwork