Senate actions that require more than majority

Question

I know of two actions that the senate can take that requires more than a majority vote, treaties and ending a filibuster.

I then found this:

(As a point of order), in the Senate, (this section) prohibits consideration of a budget resolution that would decrease the Social Security surplus in any fiscal year covered by the resolution. Three-fifths vote required to a senate waiver

What is a "point of order"?
And at what other times are super-majorities required in the senate? And are these "laws" or just "procedures"?

Answer 1

The provision you are describing would be a procedural rule (but this doesn't mean it couldn't established by a law) deeming it to be "not in order" for the Senate to consider any budget resolution that would decrease the social security surplus, unless waived by a three-fifths majority of the Senate.

There are many variants of this that have been proposed over the years. See e.g. https://www.ssa.gov/legislation/legis_bulletin_032201.html

The quote in your question appears to be describing the one from Congressional Budget Act 1974, s. 301(i) (this page also lists many other items deemed not to be in order). Sec. 301(i) establishes that it is "not in order" for the Senate to consider such a resolution.

When something is not in order, it can be blocked when a Senator "raises" a point of order, following which, the Senate would be required to waive it with a three-fifths majority if it wished to proceed.